| Description |
| There are three different classes of CD4+ T lymphocytes, or helper T cells: Th1, Th2 and Th3. An imbalance in the relative abundance of Th1 versus Th2 cells has been associated with asthma, atopic diseases, and autoimmune diseases. All three sub-types of T-helper cells can be identified by the cytokines they express upon activation. These cytokines in turn mediate specific immune responses. For example, endotoxin, a bacterial compound, is a potent stimulator of Th1 cells. Therefore, Th1 cells secrete cytokines that predominantly activate intracellular defenses against bacteria. On the other hand, a number of intractable viruses and parasites, such as HIV, hepatitis B and C, and malaria induce cellular responses that favor the Th2 sub-type allowing virally infected cells to remain undetected by the immune system. Activated Th2 cells, also usually associated with atopic diseases, secrete cytokines that activate extracellular defense mechanisms. Th3 cells share certain characteristics common to both Th1 and Th2 cells; however, their apparently unique regulatory and functional roles have defined them as a novel sub-type. To help you determine the relative abundances of these subtypes in your cell culture population or clinical sample, the Th1-Th2-Th3 Gene Array includes the cytokine genes that are representative of Th1, Th2 and Th3 cells. The array also contains genes encoding transcriptional factors that regulate the expression of these cytokines as well as other markers of CD4+ T lymphocytes.
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Functional Gene Grouping |
- TH1 cytokines:
- CCR5, CD28, CSF2 (GM-CSF), HAVCR2 (TIM3), IFNG, IGSF6 (CD40L), IL12RB2, IL18, IL18BP, IL18R1, IL2, IL2RA (CD25), IRF1, STAT1, STAT4, TBX21 (T-bet), TH1L, TNF, TNFSF5 (CD40).
- TH2 cytokines:
- CCL5 (RANTES), CCL7 (MCP-3), CCL11 (Eotaxin), CCL15 (MIP-1d), CCR2 (MCP-1), CCR3, CCR4, CCR9, CEBPB, FLJ14639 (NIP45), GATA3, GFI1, GPR44 (CRTH2), ICOS, IL1R1, IL1R2, IL13, IL13RA1, IL13RA2, IL4, IL4R, IL5, JAK1, JAK3, JUNB, MAF, MHC2TA (CIITA), NFATC1 (NFATc), NFATC2 (NFATp), NFATC3 (NFAT4), NFATC4, RNF110 (ZNF144), STAT6, ZFPM2 (FOG2).
- CD4+T cell markers:
- BCL3 (p50), CD69, CD80, CD86, CREBBP (CBP), CTLA4, IL15, IL6, IL6R, IL7, JAK2, LAG3, LAT, MAPK8 (JNK-1), MAPK9 (JNK-2), MAPK10 (JNK-3), PTPRC (CD45), SOCS3 (SSI-3), TFCP2 (CP2), TGFB3, TNFRSF21 (DR6), TNFRSF7 (CD27), TNFRSF8 (CD30), TNFRSF9 (4-1BB), TNFSF4 (OX-40), TYK2, YY1.
- AP-1 and other transcriptional regulators:
- ATF2, FADD (Fas), FOS, FOSL1 (Fra-1), FOSL2 (Fra-2), JUN (c-JUN), JUND, MAP2K7 (JNKK2), NAP4 (Socs-7), NFKB1, PTPRC (CD45), SOCS1 (SSI-1), SOCS2 (STATI2), SOCS4 (CIS4), SOCS5, SOCS7 (SOCS4), TNFSF6 (FasL)
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| Storage Conditions |
| Please check the kit components immediately after you receive this package. SuperArray is only responsible for missing items reported within two (2) business days of receipt. GEArray microarrays are shipped at ambient temperature enclosed in either a HybTube or ExpressPak Storage Box. They should be stored at -20 ºC upon receipt.
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| References |
- Alegre, M. L., H. Shiels, et al. (1998). "Expression and function of CTLA-4 in Th1 and Th2 cells." J Immunol 161 (7): 3347-56.
- Amerio, P., R. Verdolini, et al. (2001). "Role of Th2 cytokines, RANTES and eotaxin in AIDS-associated eosinophilic folliculitis." Acta Derm Venereol 81 (2): 92-5.
- Arbour, N., D. Naniche, et al. (2002). "c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK)1 and JNK2 signaling pathways have divergent roles in CD8(+) T cell-mediated antiviral immunity." J Exp Med 195 (7): 801-10.
- Bashian, G. G., C. M. Braun, et al. (1997). "Differential regulation of human, antigen-specific Th1 and Th2 responses by the B-7 homologues, CD80 and CD86." Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 17 (2): 235-42.
- Das, J., C. H. Chen, et al. (2001). "A critical role for NF-kappa B in GATA3 expression and TH2 differentiation in allergic airway inflammation." Nat Immunol 2 (1): 45-50.
- de Waal Malefyt, R., J. S. Abrams, et al. (1995). "Differential regulation of IL-13 and IL-4 production by human CD8+ and CD4+ Th0, Th1 and Th2 T cell clones and EBV-transformed B cells." Int. Immunol. 7 (9): 1405-16.
- Egwuagu, C. E., C. R. Yu, et al. (2002). "Suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins are differentially expressed in Th1 and Th2 cells: implications for Th cell lineage commitment and maintenance." J Immunol 168 (7): 3181-7.
- Karpus, W. J. and K. J. Kennedy (1997). "MIP-1alpha and MCP-1 differentially regulate acute and relapsing autoimmune encephalomyelitis as well as Th1/Th2 lymphocyte differentiation." J Leukoc Biol 62 (5): 681-7.
- Weiner HL (2001). "Induction and mechanism of action of transforming growth factor-beta-secreting Th3 regulatory cells." Immunol Rev 182: 207-14.
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